In 2002, Argentina was a large South American country with a population of approximately 37 million people. It was a major player in the global economy, with its economy largely based on agriculture and exports. According to computerannals, Argentina faced significant economic challenges in 2002 due to high levels of public debt and an ongoing recession. This led to increased poverty levels, with nearly 25 percent of the population living below the poverty line. In addition, Argentina also faced political instability due to weak government institutions which were unable to address pressing issues such as crime and corruption. This led to social unrest which further hindered economic growth and development of the country. Despite these challenges, there were some positive developments in 2002 with foreign investment helping to spur economic growth and create jobs for Argentines. In addition, the government began to focus on improving infrastructure and providing basic services such as healthcare and education which provided a glimmer of hope for a better future for the people of Argentina.
Yearbook 2002
Argentina. President Eduardo Duhalde bowed to public opinion and announced in July that the presidential election should be scheduled for six months and held March 30, 2003. According to Countryaah website, national day of Argentina is every July 9. The Peronist Party (Partido Justicialista) is deeply divided before the election. For example, President Duhale’s faction succeeded. postpone the party’s primary election to January 19, 2003 by boycotting the opposition factions, including that led by party leader and former president Carlos Menem, on November 5.
In September, for lack of evidence, Menem was released for the third time from charges of arms smuggling to Croatia and Ecuador during his tenure as president, and which previously led to house arrest for six months in 2001. In June, former economist Domingo Cavallo had been released from jail where he sat because of similar charges. But in July, another scandal hit Menem; In an interview, he was forced to admit to holding a Swiss bank account where, according to the critics, bribes from Iran are deposited. The money must have been a payment for darkening Iranian involvement in a terrorist attack against Jews in Buenos Aires 1986
At the same time as the electoral movement began, confidence in the political establishment is very low. On August 30, protest marches were held with thousands of participants around the country under the motto “Que se vayan todos” (young. ‘Out with all politicians’), and the following day an opinion poll was published in which 60% of the respondents suspected the politicians’ ability and willingness to sort out the economic crisis.
But the four-year bleak financial situation seemed to start to fluctuate during the year. Economic activities, exports and bank assets increased, and the exchange rate was relatively stable. At the same time, the economic crisis has left deep social footprints, especially in the already poor northwestern provinces, and purchasing power decreased by 30%. On June 26, two protesters were shot dead and 17 injured in a suburb of Buenos Aires in connection with a union demonstration. The measures taken by new economist Roberto Lavagna, who succeeded Jorge Remes Lenicov in April, to improve the situation – a temporary reduction in VAT and increase wages and minimum pension – were met by skepticism from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
The government declared that only the interest on the $ 805 million that was due November 14 would be paid out due to the small foreign exchange reserve. In late September, the Governor of San Juan, Alfredo Avelín, was dismissed by the provincial assembly for failing to fulfill his public duties. Among other things, school education in the heavily indebted province had been suspended for three months and public employees had not received any salary since May due to lack of resources.
New Peronism
The 1989 election campaign was between Alfonsín’s successor Eduardo Angeloz and the Peronist party’s Carlos Saúl Menem. Expectations of populist Peronist rhetoric had a breakthrough among the working class, and Menem won the election. Instead of focusing on a nationalist state-directed economy, Menem advocated a dramatic restructuring of the economy to satisfy the International Monetary Fund (IMF). After a new military rebellion in 1990, Menem gave amnesty to the convicted protagonists of “the dirty war” in an attempt at national reconciliation.
Support for Menem’s policy could be recorded by the progress of the Peronist Party in the local elections in 1991. Menem also went to the brink of establishing a Common Market (MERCOSUR) with Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. In 1993, Alfonsín’s Radical Party (UCR) and the Menem Justice Party (PJ) joined an alliance that excluded almost all opposition. The rebel Aldo Rico led a minority party based on the interests of the military, and Menem thus managed to bring the military under political control.
Menem had to endure a lot of criticism for the increasing institutionalized corruption and gradual political control of the judiciary and business, despite a radical wave of privatization. Menem, like its Mexican presidential colleague Salinas (1988–94), made vigorous attempts to step into the ranks of the industrialized rich countries and therefore pursued a very US-friendly policy.
Argentina Country Overview
Visas
Finns do not need a visa for stays of up to 90 days. NOTE. The passport must be valid for 6 months from arrival in the country.
- According to ABBREVIATIONFINDER.ORG, ARG stands for Argentina.
Insurance
Everyone participating in the trip must have a valid travel insurance that covers medical expenses in the event of illness or other similar need. Please check the validity of your own insurance and the terms and conditions of the insurance cancellation cover.
Please pay attention to the special nature of your trip and check the coverage of the insurance in that respect as well. In many locations, the insurance must also be valid when moving at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters, in which case it also covers mountain sickness.
Many hiking or diving trips require more extensive insurance, which covers, for example, diving or moving on a glacier. Please check the contents of your insurance with your insurance company.
Vaccinations
Make sure that your basic vaccinations under the national vaccination schedule are valid. In addition, we recommend both hepatitis A and B vaccination. Always check the vaccination requirements at the health center or the Vaccination Advice of the Tourist Clinic
Dengue and gold rush may occur in northern Argentina and on the border with Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Please check the yellow fever vaccination requirements of your destination well in advance of the trip, for example here. An international yellow fever vaccination certificate is required when traveling to some countries. Please also note that in some countries a vaccination certificate is required if you arrive from a country where yellow fever is considered to occur. This is important to consider especially when traveling across multiple states. We recommend that you keep a vaccination card with you when traveling far away.
The currency in Argentina is the Argentine Peso (ARS), which is used only as a means of payment in Argentina. Paying in cash is usually cheaper than paying by card. The exchange rate of the peso is volatile and exchange rates can vary considerably at different exchange points. We recommend changing cash clubs on site. The Visa card is more functional than the Master Card, although the Master Card also works in some places. Check currency availability and exchange rate at www.forex.fi.
Tips
A tip is given for good service. Waiters and restaurant staff expect a 10-15% tip on the final invoice unless a service charge is included in the invoice price. Taxi drivers and hotel staff are generally left with no tips, but the total is usually rounded up
Time difference to Finland
Argentina in Finnish winter time – 5h, in summer time -6h.
(GMT -3)
Electric current
The electric current in Argentina is 220V. Finnish electrical equipment requires an adapter.
Mobile phones
Check with your operator for phone coverage at destinations. Area code for Argentina +54.
Climate
Argentina is located almost entirely in a temperate climate zone, but there are big differences in different parts of the country. The climate is temperate and humid in the eastern and central Argentine pampas, cool and dry in the south (Patagonia), tropical in the northeast of Gran Chaco. In Buenos Aires, daytime temperatures range from 14 degrees in January to 29 degrees in January-July. The mountains are very dry and even completely deserted.
Religion: Of the religions, Roman Catholicism is in Argentina, but all religions, including those of African descent, have their representatives.
