In 2002, Monaco was a small sovereign city-state located in the Mediterranean Sea with a population of approximately 32,000 people. The economy was largely based on tourism and banking services. In terms of infrastructure, the country had excellent access to roads and telecommunications networks. Education was also relatively advanced with approximately 95% of the population being literate. According to computerannals, Monaco had been making progress in recent years in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction. The government had implemented several economic reform measures such as reducing trade tariffs and increasing foreign investment which had helped to boost the country’s economy. In addition, efforts were being made to improve health care services and access to education for all citizens. As a result of these initiatives, Monaco had achieved a higher standard of living than many other developed countries in the region at that time.
Yearbook 2002
Monaco. Monaco, like other tax havens, continued to be pressured to ease banking secrecy. According to Countryaah website, national day of Monaco is every November 19. The country ended up on an OECD list of seven states that were considered contradictory in terms of information exchange with other countries. Before the end of the year, there was a threat of sanctions against Monaco and the other countries concerned.
The treaty of Burgos, stipulated by A gostino bishop of Grasse, brother and successor of Luciano, ratified and modified in Tordesillas in 1524, brings Monaco into the orbit of Spanish politics, in which, through alternatives and repentances, it lasts over a century; formally, however, the treaty recognizes full Monegasque autonomy.
The bitter political and economic difficulties of those years between the double pressure of the heavy Spanish control and the renewed French aspirations led to unsuccessful negotiations for the sale of the domain to Savoy, Genoa and the Empire; however S tefano, belonging to the Genoese branch and long guardian of Onorato I, manages to maintain a certain independence among not slight family obstacles and turns his attention to the internal administration and to the building transformation of the old castle into a palace. In the second half of the century. XVI, with O norato I, who effectively became lord in 1561, and with his sons C arlo II and E rcoleI, the lordship must defend itself from the frequent Turkish incursions, from the feudal pretensions of the Empire, from the aspirations of the neighbors that every pretext serves to revive. The prince of Valdetaro, maternal uncle and tutor of Onorato II, in order to regulate the old financial relations with the commitments undertaken in Tordesillas but not maintained by Spain, stipulates an agreement with Fr. Enríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes, governor of Milan who aggravated the protectorate by introducing a garrison in Munich (1605); it is the moment of full subjection to Spain. But Honored II who, meritorious for public works and patronage, in 1633 assumes, first, the title of prince recognized by the chancelleries, dissatisfied with the lack of financial commitments of Spain, it gives a different orientation to the politics of the principality bringing it back to the French protectorate. After long and secret negotiations with Richelieu, the Péronne convention (14 September 1641) establishes a French garrison in Monaco at the expense of the royal treasury, the recognition of the sovereignty of the Grimaldis over Menton and Roccabruna, the granting of fiefs in France in place of those now naturally lost in Spain and the Neapolitan area; hence the title of dukes of Valentinois, later granted to the Grimaldis, who thus became peers of France. A coup d’état on 17 September determines the passage from one protectorate to the other. Monaco is definitely in the French orbit; from now on his princes live mostly at the court, they serve in the army, taking care of the principality only for internal administration:uigi I (Code Louis) in 1678. During the war of the Spanish succession Monaco was a naval gathering point and information center for France; as a prize, Louis XIV opposes the claims of Piedmont on the city at the moment of peace: but, arbiter of the age-old question, he recognizes the high sovereignty of the Savoy over Menton and Roccabruna.
